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📝 Summary in English

Jinan, a city in China, is famous for its natural springs, which have a history of over 3,000 years. Many scholars and poets throughout history have praised the beauty of these springs — their sounds, colors, shapes, and taste — through literary works.

The local people of Jinan live near the springs and drink their sweet waters, developing a deep gratitude for them. Over time, many beautiful legends about the springs have emerged.

One legend tells of a kind young man named Bào Quán who studied medicine and helped many people. One day, he saved an old man who had fainted by the roadside and brought him home to care for him. The old man turned out to be the brother of the Dragon King of the East Sea. Through this connection, Bào Quán received a magical white jade pot that could heal people. To protect it from being stolen, he buried it underground — and from that spot sprang the famous Baotu Spring, later honored as the “Number One Spring Under Heaven.”

Today, there are over 700 natural springs in Jinan, a rare sight even internationally. The names of the springs reflect their characteristics, such as Shun Spring (named after a person), Black Tiger Spring (after an animal), and Pearl Spring (after its shape).

Geologically, the springs form because Jinan lies on a limestone area where surface water easily seeps underground. Groundwater flows from the southern mountains northward. In the urban area, magma rock blocks the water’s path, causing it to accumulate. Eventually, the water rises to the surface in low-lying areas, forming the city’s many springs. This natural phenomenon has earned Jinan the nickname “City of Springs.”